The presence of French military bases in Africa: What are the reasons behind it?

France is facing new challenges to its military role in Africa as a wave of coups in former French colonies has led to growing protests against its presence on the continent. French troops have been expelled from Niger and Mali, and other countries are considering scrapping independence-era agreements that have allowed France to intervene militarily in Africa. France has historically seen West Africa and the Sahel as areas where it can exert influence and maintain stability. The French military presence has also enabled France to be involved in conflict resolution and management mechanisms, particularly at the UN Security Council. French military support has allowed France to protect its own interests and carry out rapid armed interventions. The French defense ministry states that its primary mission in Africa is to train soldiers in the region and enhance their capabilities in combating terrorism, protecting borders, and conducting peacekeeping, intelligence, and logistics operations. Despite a reduction in numbers in recent years, several thousand French troops are still deployed in various African countries. France's military presence in Africa is seen as crucial for its global geopolitical interests and justifying its permanent seat on the UN Security Council. In addition to its military presence, France has maintained economic and diplomatic ties with Africa, including through the CFA franc currencies and close relationships with ruling elites. However, there has been increasing pushback against the French military presence, driven by concerns about sovereignty and the belief that it attracts or worsens the terrorist threat. Recent military coups in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger, where junta leaders expelled French soldiers, have highlighted the desire among many for the withdrawal of French troops. However, the departures have also brought about a deterioration in security and human rights violations. The situation in Mali, for example, has led to the emergence of new alliances and groups, such as the Russian mercenary group Wagner, which have been accused of crimes against humanity. Some experts argue that it is time to shift towards an Africanization of forces and to rely on regional actors like the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and the African Union. Ultimately, France is grappling with the need to navigate its military presence in Africa amidst changing dynamics and mounting opposition.